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The earth's numbers

What the air is carrying

Carbon dioxide measured at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, every month from March 1958 to September 2026. Beside it, methane and nitrous oxide, how much warmer the earth is, the Arctic's sea ice, and what the world emitted last year. Each figure comes from NOAA, NASA, the NSIDC or Climate TRACE, which estimates emissions, and is checked again each day.

Carbon dioxide
426.1ppm
Mauna Loa, September 2026
Methane
1,934.6ppb
the whole earth, June 2026
Nitrous oxide
339.86ppb
the whole earth, June 2026
Warming
+1.38°C
September 2026, against 1951 to 1980
Arctic sea ice
8.66M km²
9 November, usually 10.25
Emitted in 2025
54.3Gt CO₂e
every country, Climate TRACE
Seasons taken outEach month's average
3203403603804004201960197019801990200020102020
Table, one row per year
YearAverageLowest monthHighest monthMonths
2026429.53426.07432.349
2025427.35424.37430.5112
2024424.60422.03426.9112
2023421.08418.50424.0012
2022418.53415.74420.9712
2021416.41413.26419.0912
2020414.21411.49417.2812
2019411.65408.74414.8612
2018408.71405.71411.4412
2017406.76403.57409.8912
2016404.41401.23407.9012
2015401.01397.82404.1512
2014398.81395.54401.9612
2013396.74393.72400.0212
2012394.06391.27396.9312
2011391.85389.19394.4112
2010390.10387.03393.2112
2009387.64384.64390.3612
2008385.83383.22388.7812
2007384.02381.20386.7812
2006382.09379.04385.2212
2005379.98376.89382.6412
2004377.70374.43380.8012
2003375.98373.31378.7812
2002373.45370.73375.9312
2001371.32368.34374.0312
2000369.71367.15371.9812
1999368.54364.95371.1512
1998366.84364.16369.5612
1997363.88360.44366.7712
1996362.74359.69365.2512
1995360.97358.14363.8312
1994358.96355.86361.7812
1993357.21354.14360.3012
1992356.55353.01359.7112
1991355.70352.34359.2312
1990354.45351.38357.3812
1989353.21350.09355.9512
1988351.69348.97354.3512
1987349.31346.66352.1512
1986347.61344.82350.5212
1985346.35343.35349.2812
1984344.87341.59347.7712
1983343.15340.46346.1412
1982341.48338.37344.7712
1981340.12336.95343.0412
1980338.76336.14341.4512
1979336.84333.97339.2612
1978335.41332.36338.0212
1977333.84331.28336.9312
1976332.03328.72334.7412
1975331.13328.36333.9512
1974330.19327.28333.1912
1973329.68327.19332.4812
1972327.46324.84330.0712
1971326.32323.36328.9312
1970325.68323.06328.1312
1969324.62321.78327.3812
1968323.05320.25325.5712
1967322.18319.25325.0012
1966321.37318.10324.0812
1965320.04317.30322.1712
1964319.62316.71322.2512
1963318.99315.99322.2412
1962318.45315.42321.0212
1961317.64314.99320.5812
1960316.91313.83320.0312
1959315.98313.33318.2912
1958315.24312.42317.5110

What the number is. Parts per million: out of every million molecules of dry air, how many are carbon dioxide. The grey line is each month's average, which falls every northern summer as plants draw carbon in and rises again through the winter. The blue line is the same record with that seasonal swing taken out by NOAA, so the climb shows plainly.

Methane and nitrous oxide. NOAA's global monthly averages from its sites by the sea, in parts per billion. Methane traps more than 80 times as much heat as carbon dioxide over its first 20 years in the air; nitrous oxide about 270 times over 100 years.

Warming. How much warmer the latest month was across land and ocean than the 1951 to 1980 average for that month, from NASA's GISTEMP analysis.

Sea ice. The area of Arctic Ocean at least 15 percent covered by ice, in millions of square kilometres, beside the 1981 to 2010 average for the same day of the year.

Emissions. Climate TRACE's estimate of the greenhouse gas every country emitted in a whole year, in billions of tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent over 100 years. It is built largely from satellite and other remote observation, so it is an estimate, not a meter reading.

Source. NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, NASA GISS, NSIDC Sea Ice Index and Climate TRACE. When one does not answer, its figure says so rather than showing an old number.

See all the earth's numbersRead what others shared

The bill, 2025

Who released the most

The twenty power stations and factories on earth that released the most greenhouse gas in a whole year, with their owners, as estimated by Climate TRACE and checked again each day.

  1. 1

    POSCO Gwangyang steel plant

    Owned by POSCO Holdings Inc

    Steel mill, Republic of Korea.

    36.7million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: medium

  2. 2

    Angang Steel Co Ltd

    Owned by Angang Steel Co Ltd

    Steel mill, China.

    35.8million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: medium

  3. 3

    Vindhyachal power station

    Owned by NTPC Ltd

    Coal power station, India.

    33.4million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: high

  4. 4

    Inner Mongolia BaoTou Steel Union Co Ltd

    Owned by Inner Mongolia BaoTou Steel Union Co Ltd

    Steel mill, China.

    30.3million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: medium

  5. 5

    Surgut GRES-1 and Surgut GRES-2 power station

    Owned by Unipro PJSC, OGK-2 PJSC

    Gas power station, Russian Federation.

    27.8million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: medium

  6. 6

    Maanshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd

    Owned by Maanshan Iron & Steel Co Ltd

    Steel mill, China.

    27.7million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: medium

  7. 7

    POSCO Pohang steel plant

    Owned by POSCO Holdings Inc

    Steel mill, Republic of Korea.

    27.4million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: medium

  8. 8

    Sasan Ultra Mega Power Project

    Owned by Reliance Power Ltd

    Coal power station, India.

    27.0million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: high

  9. 9

    Taichung power station

    Owned by Taiwan Power Co

    Coal and oil power station, Taiwan.

    26.8million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: high

  10. 10

    Guazhou Changle power station

    Owned by Gansu Power Investment Changle Power Generation Co Ltd

    Coal power station, China.

    26.5million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: medium

  11. 11

    Togtoh power station

    Owned by INNER MONGOLIA Datang International Tuoketuo POWER Genration Co Ltd

    Coal power station, China.

    26.4million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: medium

  12. 12

    Wuhan Iron and Steel Co Ltd

    Owned by Wuhan Iron and Steel Co Ltd

    Steel mill, China.

    26.1million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: medium

  13. 13

    Changshu-2 power station

    Owned by China Resources Electric Power (Changshu) Co Ltd, Jiangsu Changshu Electric POWER Generating Co Ltd

    Coal power station, China.

    25.4million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: medium

  14. 14

    Jiangsu Shagang Iron & Steel Co Ltd

    Owned by Jiangsu Shagang Iron & Steel Co Ltd

    Steel mill, China.

    25.3million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: medium

  15. 15

    Tamnar power station

    Owned by Jindal Steel Ltd

    Coal power station, India.

    24.8million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: high

  16. 16

    Jiaxing power station

    Owned by Zhejiang Zheneng Jiahua Power Generator Co Ltd, Zhejiang Zheneng Jiaxing Power Co Ltd

    Coal power station, China.

    24.6million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: medium

  17. 17

    Fengcheng power station

    Owned by Jiangxi Ganneng Co Ltd Fengcheng Phase II Power Plant, Guoneng Fengcheng Power Generation Co Ltd

    Coal power station, China.

    24.5million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: medium

  18. 18

    Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd Headquarters

    Owned by Baoshan Iron & Steel Co Ltd

    Steel mill, China.

    24.5million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: medium

  19. 19

    Belchatow power station

    Owned by PGE Górnictwo i Energetyka Konwencjonalna SA

    Coal power station, Poland.

    24.4million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: high

  20. 20

    Mundra Thermal Power Project (Adani)

    Owned by Adani Power Ltd

    Coal power station, India.

    24.3million t CO₂e

    Climate TRACE's confidence: high

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